Mar 20, 2025
When drawing scientific illustrations, we often face the choice between bitmap and vector graphics. This article will focus on exploring their definitions and differences for reference.
1. Image Types and Definitions
Vector Graphics: Composed of mathematically defined curves, with anchor points and paths as their basic components.
Bitmap Graphics: Also known as raster or pixel graphics, they are composed of individual pixels. When magnified, it becomes evident that the image consists of tiny square pixels.
2. Image Types and Resolution
Vector Graphics: They are resolution-independent, meaning they can be scaled to any size and printed at any resolution without losing clarity.
Bitmap Graphics: Composed of pixels, so when an image is enlarged, the pixels also get bigger. Since each pixel has a single color, enlarging a bitmap image results in the well-known pixelation effect.
3. Image Types and Color Representation
Bitmap Graphics: Capable of displaying rich and detailed colors, making them ideal for realistic images of natural objects.
Vector Graphics: Due to mathematical constraints, they have limited color representation and cannot effectively depict realistic objects. Instead, vector graphics are often used for icons, logos, illustrations and other simple, clear designs.
In the following images, you can see that bitmap graphics display a wider range of colors.
Bitmap Graphics
Vector Graphics
4. Image Types and File Formats
Common Bitmap Formats: bmp, pcx, gif, jpg, tif, psd of photoshop etc.
Common Vector Formats: AI, EPS, SVG (AdobeIllustrator), dwg, dxf (AutoCAD), cdr (CorelDRAW), etc.
5. Image Type Conversion
Vector graphics can be converted into bitmap images using graphic design software. However, converting a bitmap image into a vector graphic requires complex and extensive data processing, and the quality of the resulting vector image may vary significantly.
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